The M. A. Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai is an international cricket ground with a capacity of 50,000 and houses the Tamil Nadu Cricket Association. [46] He was captured by the British at the end of the war and hanged near Kayattar in 1799. [36] The earliest epigraphic attestations of Tamil are generally taken to have been written from the 2nd century BC. [82][81], The state has 51,837,507 literates, making the literacy rate 80.33 per cent. Ramachandran Central Railway Station, Madurai Junction, Katpadi Junction, Chennai Egmore, Salem Junction, Tiruchirappalli Junction, Coimbatore Junction are upgraded to A1 grade level. [104] The earliest period of Tamil literature, Sangam literature, is roughly dated from ca. DMPQ- . [88] Corruption is a major problem in the state with Transparency International ranking it the second most corrupt among the states of India. The Cholas were prolific temple builders right from the times of the first medieval king Vijayalaya Chola. In Middle Tamil, this usage evolved into a present tense marker – kiṉṟa (கின்ற) – which combined the old aspect and time markers. [136] From the early 2010s, Direct to Home has become increasingly popular replacing cable television services. [13][14] In Adichanallur, 24 km (15 mi) from Tirunelveli, archaeologists from the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) unearthed 169 clay urns containing human skulls, skeletons, bones, husks, grains of rice, charred rice, and celts of the Neolithic period, 3,800 years ago. [4] When India adopted national standards Tamil was the first language to be recognised as a classical language of India. They controlled the pearl fisheries along the south coast of India, between Sri Lanka and India, which produced some of the finest pearls in the known ancient world. These were the nominative, accusative, dative, sociative, genitive, instrumental, locative, and ablative. Tamil Nadu's coastline bore the brunt of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami when it hit India, which caused 7,793 direct deaths in the state. Nawabs of the Carnatic bestowed tax revenue collection rights on the East India Company for defeating the Kingdom of Mysore. Tamil is characterised by its use of more than one type of coronal consonants: like many of the other languages of India, it contains a series of retroflex consonants. The famine led to the migration of people as bonded labourers for the British to various countries which eventually formed the present Tamil diaspora. They reconstructed some of the well-known temples in Tamil Nadu such as the Meenakshi Temple. The reason for the victory of the Justice Party in elections was the non-participation of the INC, demanding complete independence of India. Eid ul-Fitr, Bakrid, Milad un Nabi, Muharram are celebrated by Muslims whereas Christmas, Good Friday, Easter are celebrated by Christians in the state. The state generates a significant proportion of its power needs from renewable sources with wind power installed capacity at over 7154 MW,[195] accounting for 38 per cent of total installed wind power in India . (2000). These inscriptions are written in a variant of the Brahmi script called Tamil-Brahmi. Mauritius: 72,089: Tamils are the first immigrants to Mauritius who were brought by French. Tamil is used as one of the languages of education in Malaysia, along with English, Malay and Mandarin. It is also spoken by the Tamil diasporafound in ma… Apart from the usual numerals, Tamil has numerals for 10, 100 and 1000. Ennore Port handles all the coal and ore traffic in Tamil Nadu. The total cultivated area in the state was 5.60 million hectares in 2009–10. The per capita income at the current price is ₹72,993. The words and phonetics are so different that a person from Kanyakumari district is easily identifiable by their spoken Tamil. There are a total of 23,166,721 households. Europeans started to establish trade centres during the 17th century in the eastern coastal regions. [78] Many in Réunion, Guyana, Fiji, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago have Tamil origins,[79] but only a small number speak the language. A District has also one or more Revenue Divisions (in total 76) administrated by Revenue Divisional Officer (RDO), constituted by many Revenue Blocks. The dialect of the district of Palakkad in Kerala has many Malayalam loanwords, has been influenced by Malayalam's syntax, and has a distinctive Malayalam accent. 16,564 Revenue villages (Village Panchayat) are the primary grassroots level administrative units which in turn might include many villages and administered by a Village Administrative Officer (VAO), many of which form a Revenue Block. Indian constitution. It is often possible to identify a person's caste by their speech. After decades, the language and identity politics is making a strong comeback in Tamil Nadu, which will face its most-crucial assembly elections in recent times in the first-half of 2021. After Tamil Brahmi fell out of use, Tamil was written using a script called vaṭṭeḻuttu amongst others such as Grantha and Pallava.

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