Schopenhauer follows Kant in that he distinguishes mere sense impressions from perceptions (or ideas). What is the point of the whole scene of horror? In … A moment's reflection reveals what Wicks means, but this is a moment of unnecessary confusion for the reader. While Schopenhauer agreed with the fundamental tenets of Kant’s ideas, he also believed that there was a major inconsistency which lay at the heart of his philosophy. It is, so to speak, a subterranean passage, a secret alliance, which, as if by treachery, places us all at once in the fortress that cannot be taken by attack from without.” (. Chapter 4 is on Schopenhauer's "Reception and Influence", and in this case the 'notes for further reading' is just a bibliography organized by topic. A cosmopolitan polyglot, a lover of art, and a writer of clear prose (at a time when obscurity was the norm), Schopenhauer certainly cuts a more dashing and likable figure than the lifeless, professorial, and opaque Hegel. Without clear explanation, this can make it sound like Schopenhauer is using two terms as well, while also, not completely inappropriately, exploiting an aspect of the semantic field of the English term 'intuitive' (e.g., on 86 where Wicks describes artists as "intuitively connected" to metaphysical reality) that is not present in the German. We are, indeed, justified in deducing that A caused B, or that B always accompanies A, since that is how our perception shapes our phenomenal world. The first argument is a type of best explanation argument. This principle, with its fourfold root in science, logic, morality, and metaphysics, formed the basis of Schopenhauer’s analysis of the world of phenomena. This is a study guide question posted by eNotes Editorial. Rather he proposed that all knowledge of the world was obtained through experience and therefore, is always subjective and contaminated, so to speak, by the perspective or point of view of the knower. Selfishness is the interest of each individual for his will. This is a study guide question posted by eNotes Editorial. The will is the being-in-itself of the phenomenal world, and is not subject to the principle of sufficient reason or necessity. But these are very minor issues that should not detract from the really excellent job Wicks has done in pressing his deep scholarly knowledge of Schopenhauer into a form that is original, entertaining, and teacherly. Kant was very concerned with whether or not it was possible to obtain objective knowledge of the world, and was not satisfied with either the rationalism of Leibniz or the empiricism of Hume. This conclusion of Schopenhauer’s in many ways parallels that found in the Upanishads, the text which founds the basis of Hinduism: “This thou art”. Among the most frequently-identified pri… Then he suggests an alternative: that it is because time is, as Kant would have it, the form of inner sense that its cognitive structure is precisely that of inwardness. Kant was very concerned with whether or not it was possible to obtain objective knowledge of the world, and was not satisfied with either the rationalism of Leibniz or the empiricism of Hume. Schopenhauer’s Key Concepts 1: Representation (Vorstellung) Part 0: Transcendental Idealism. Schopenhauer didn’t think it was appropriate to claim that only organic life was the manifestation of will but not inorganic nature. Wicks's characterization of the basic novelty of Schopenhauer's philosophical position, that the in-itself of the world should be identified with will, is vivid and compelling. He was not a man of tentative conclusions.He was also not a man of humility. In his preface to the first edition of The World as Will and Idea, Arthur Schopenhauer states that his chief sources are German philosopher Immanuel Kant, Greek philosopher Plato, and the Upanishads. But the conclusion Schopenhauer wants to reach is that this will is the inner aspect of everything. The rules of the empirical world are that it must contain enduring things, arranged in space and time, and having systematic effects upon one another. As you might imagine, this makes science rather difficult. Schopenhauer believed the role of philosophy to be to “lay bare the true nature of the world” (The World as Will and Representation), so as to  shed a ray of light on the darkness of this miserable existence, and in doing so provide consolation for the fragile and finite human animal.

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