(automotive) An assembly of gears through which power is transmitted from the engine to the driveshaft in a motor car / automobile; a gearbox. TRANSPARENCY(トランスペアレンシー)はプラスチックの女王と言われるアクリル素材ならではの 透明感と贅沢な素材感、優れた加工性を生かした日本発のマテリアルファニチャーブランドです。透 明だからこそどんな空間でも馴染みやすく、耐久性が高く屋外でも利用可能です。 Mechanisms of selective light wave absorption include: In electronic absorption, the frequency of the incoming light wave is at or near the energy levels of the electrons within the atoms which compose the substance. Since different atoms and molecules have different natural frequencies of vibration, they will selectively absorb different frequencies (or portions of the spectrum) of infrared light. A molecule absorbs the photon, some of the energy may be lost via. Thus a reduction of the original particle size well below the wavelength of visible light (about 1/15 of the light wavelength or roughly 600/15 = 40 nanometers) eliminates much of light scattering, resulting in a translucent or even transparent material. Something that is transmitted, such as a message, picture or a disease; the sending of such a thing. When photons (individual packets of light energy) come in contact with the valence electrons of atom, one of several things can and will occur: Most of the time, it is a combination of the above that happens to the light that hits an object. In the field of optics, transparency (also called pellucidity or diaphaneity) is the physical property of allowing light to pass through the material without appreciable scattering of light. Thus they are affected strongly when coming into contact with negatively charged electrons in matter. Absorbance and transmittance are two related, but different quantities used in spectrometry. Chemically pure (undoped) window glass and clean river or spring water are prime examples of this. Transmission also involves careful and time-consuming sample preparation. This conveniently makes them buoyant, but it also makes them large for their muscle mass, so they cannot swim fast, making this form of camouflage a costly trade-off with mobility. As a noun transmission is the act of transmitting, eg data or electric power. [12] In metals, most of these are non-bonding electrons (or free electrons) as opposed to the bonding electrons typically found in covalently bonded or ionically bonded non-metallic (insulating) solids. If a dielectric material does not include light-absorbent additive molecules (pigments, dyes, colorants), it is usually transparent to the spectrum of visible light. Light scattering from the surfaces of objects is our primary mechanism of physical observation. [citation needed], Light scattering in an ideal defect-free crystalline (non-metallic) solid which provides no scattering centers for incoming light will be due primarily to any effects of anharmonicity within the ordered lattice. The larger the refractive index, the more slowly light travels in that medium. Optical transparency in polycrystalline materials is limited by the amount of light which is scattered by their microstructural features. Objects have a tendency to selectively absorb, reflect or transmit light of certain frequencies. Light leakage due to bending, splices, connectors, or other outside forces are other factors resulting in attenuation.[15][16]. Main Difference – Absorbance vs. Transmittance. Moreover, the size of the grain boundaries scales directly with particle size. Absence of structural defects (voids, cracks, etc.) According to Beer’s Law when the transmittance is 100% then absorption will be 0%, and when the transmittance is 0%, the absorption will be 100%. Materials that allow the transmission of light waves through them are called optically transparent. If the expected improvements in mechanical properties bear out, the traditional limits seen on glazing areas in today's building codes could quickly become outdated if the window area actually contributes to the shear resistance of the wall. Almost all solids reflect a part and absorb a part of the incoming light. Now I want to calculate refractive index and extinction coefficient and also draw refractive index vs wavelength and extinction coefficient vs wavelength curve from the transmittance … Many liquids and aqueous solutions are highly transparent. Primary material considerations include: Diffuse reflection - Generally, when light strikes the surface of a (non-metallic and non-glassy) solid material, it bounces off in all directions due to multiple reflections by the microscopic irregularities inside the material (e.g., the grain boundaries of a polycrystalline material, or the cell or fiber boundaries of an organic material), and by its surface, if it is rough. Figure 5.2 shows three transmittance optical monitors distributed across the web width. Scattering centers (or particles) as small as one micrometer have been observed directly in the light microscope (e.g., Brownian motion).[5][6]. When a light wave of a given frequency strikes a material with particles having the same or (resonant) vibrational frequencies, then those particles will absorb the energy of the light wave and transform it into thermal energy of vibrational motion. Most glasses, for example, block ultraviolet (UV) light. The effect of this delocalization is simply to exaggerate the effect of the "sea of electrons". This is easier in dimly-lit or turbid seawater than in good illumination. Many such substances have a chemical composition which includes what are referred to as absorption centers. Several things can happen then to the absorbed energy: it may be re-emitted by the electron as radiant energy (in this case the overall effect is in fact a scattering of light), dissipated to the rest of the material (i.e.

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