A similar study with male lambs showed adverse effects on male reproductive development. 1–70. Thiourea at concentrations of 30–300 mmol/litre induced single strand breaks in the DNA of primary cultures of isolated rat hepatocytes (Sina et al., 1983). This decrease in mortality correlated quite closely with reduced plasma histamine levels and diminished pulmonary vascular permeability. Acute intoxication with thiourea has been linked with an increase in the level of histamine in the lungs and plasma (4.38 µg histamine/100 ml plasma was determined for rats administered thiourea intraperitoneally at 10 mg/kg body weight compared with 2.08 µg/100 ml in the controls) and with an increase in lung vessel permeability (Giri et al., 1991a). [GSSG = oxidized glutathione, GSH = reduced glutathione, NADPH = reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate]. Although these tumours are likely to be induced by the hypothyroidism, thiourea has also, in some studies, shown weak genotoxic potential, and the mechanism of carcinogenesis is not fully settled. Environmental Health Perspectives, 106(8):447–457. Teratology, 13:263–266. 1982 and 1983. The weight of evidence suggests that rodents are more sensitive than humans to thyroid tumour induction due to hormonal imbalances that cause elevated TSH levels. En dosis elevadas, la tiourea puede provocar hiperplasia tiroidea en ratones y adenomas y carcinomas tiroideos, adenormas hepatocelulares y tumores de la glándula de Zymbal o de Meibomio en ratas. Environmental Health Perspectives, 106:427–457. Gargus JL, Paynter OE, Reese WH (1969) Utilization of newborn mice in the bioassay of chemical carcinogens. Mutation Research, 333:131–142. The secondary iodine deficiency resulting from the administered thiourea caused hypothyroidism, which led to retardation of growth and interfered with the sexual maturity of the growing male lambs. [9] It can also be prepared by oxidation of thiourea with chlorine dioxide. Stelzner TJ, Welsh CH, Berger E, McCullough RG, Morris K, Repine JE, Wel JV (1987) Antiarrhythmic agents diminish thiourea-induced pulmonary vascular protein leak in rats. La thiourée provoque des recombinaisons chromosomiques chez les levures ainsi que chez la drosophile. In: Some thyrotropic agents. Giri SN, Hollinger MA, Rice SA (1991a) Effects of thiourea on pulmonary vascular permeability and on lung and plasma histamine levels in rats. Rosin A, Ungar H (1957) Malignant tumors in the eyelids and the auricular region of thiourea-treated rats. In the second study (Wangenheim & Bolcsfoldi, 1988), thiourea was tested at concentrations of 0, 0.068, 1.37, 2.05, and 2.74 mg/ml in the absence of metabolic activation and at concentrations of 0, 0.63, 0.95, 1.26, 1.89, and 2.52 mg/ml in the presence of the S9-mix. Detailed physical examinations and individual body weight and food consumption measurements were performed. In an experiment in which thiourea (3 × 200 mg/kg body weight) given in water by gavage was followed by 2 × 10 mg of a technical mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) ("promoter") weekly for 11 weeks in Sprague-Dawley rats, thiourea demonstrated no initiation capacity, as expressed by the number or size of ATP-free islets in the liver. (1979) Physical constants of organic compounds. Les épreuves effectuées sur des cellules mammaliennes ont donné des résultats incohérents, mais la plupart du temps négatifs. Journal of Chromatography, 207:281–285. Se basa en un informe del BUA (1995) sobre la tiourea y en la documentación de la Comisión MAK Alemana (1988, 1997). La producción anual mundial de tiourea en 1993 fue de unas 10 000 toneladas. International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 18:493–523. En un estudio semejante con corderos macho se observaron efectos adversos en su desarrollo reproductivo. Berlin, Umweltbundesamt. NTP (2000) Eighth annual report on carcinogens. Mammary development was retarded (Nasseri & Prasad, 1987b). Chemosphere, 14:1589–1616. Whereas thiourea concentrations below 12 mg/litre increased the growth of excised tomato roots (Lycopersicum esculentum) within 4 weeks of exposure in a defined basal medium, 18, 23, and 46 mg/litre reduced growth by about 45%, 60%, and 30%, respectively (Glazer & Orion, 1984). 507–509. Fesch C, Simon W, Haderlein S, Reichert P, Schwarzenbach R (1998) Nonlinear sorption and nonequilibrium solute transport in aggregated porous media: Experiments, process identification and modeling. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 17:1301–1304. Thiourea can be used in syntheses of thiols that avoid formation of sulfide by-products. Rheinheimer G, Gericke H, Wesnigk J (1990) Prüfung der biologischen Abbaubarkeit von organischen Chemikalien im umweltrelevanten Konzentrationsbereich. Freitag D, Ballhorn L, Geyer H, Korte F (1985) Environmental hazard profile of organic chemicals — an experimental method for the assessment of the behavior of organic chemicals in the ecosphere by simple laboratory tests with carbon-14-labeled chemicals. The main environmental target compartment of thiourea from its physicochemical properties and its uses is expected to be the hydrosphere. R 6259). Zaslawska AG (1964) [Changes in blood and organs through continuous intoxication with thiourea.] Due to the measured soil sorption coefficients and the observed (slow) biodegradation in soil, accumulation of thiourea in the geosphere is not to be expected. La tiourea sólo se degrada mediante una microflora adaptada tras largos periodos de aclimatación. An estimation of the photo-oxidation of thiourea by hydroxyl radicals according to Atkinson and the Atmospheric Oxidation Program (Version 1.90, 12 h sunlight, hydroxyl radical concentration 1.5 × 106/cm3) revealed a half-life of 2.4 h. For the hydrosphere, specific rate constants for the reaction of thiourea with hydrated electrons and hydroxyl radicals are given as 3.0 × 109/mol per second (pH 6.4) and 4.7 × 109/mol per second (pH 7), respectively (Anbar & Neta, 1967). Par conséquent, lorsque les conditions ne favorisent pas son élimination biotique ou abiotique, la thiourée peut persister longtemps dans les eaux de surface et les sédiments. The thyroid gland was moderately to severely enlarged, although there was no direct correlation with length of dosing. La Fiche internationale sur la sécurité chimique de la thiourée (ICSC 0680), établie par le Programme international sur la sécurité chimique (IPCS, 2000) est également reproduite dans le présent document. Archives of Dermatology, 113:1611. van Gerwen HJL, Alkemade JAC, van der Valk PGM (1996) [Photocontact allergy to thiourea as a component of photocopy paper: photocontact eczema of "airborne allergic contact dermatitis."] Swedish Criteria Group for Occupational Standards (1999) Scientific basis for Swedish occupational standards. EC (1996) Technical guidance document in support of the Commission Directive 93/EEC on risk assessment for new notified substances and the Commission Regulation (EC)1488/94 on risk assessment for existing substances. IARC (1974) Some anti-thyroid and related substances, nitrofurans and industrial chemicals. Up to now, radiation is the only well defined risk factor for thyroid cancer, although an excess risk of thyroid cancer has, in some studies, been associated with goitre (hypothyroidism) (Hill et al., 1998; Franceshi & Dal Maso, 1999). [7], The mechanism of the oxidation has been examined. Il reprend le rapport que le BUA avait déjà rédigé en 1995 au sujet de ce composé et s’inspire d’une documentation établie par la MAK-Komission allemande (1988, 1997). Contact dermatitis from thiourea in silver polish has also been reported (Dooms-Goossens et al., 1988). Consumer exposure to thiourea can occur from the metabolism of thiourea-based pharmaceuticals.

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